一、填空题
    
    1 . Cyclic AMP is produced by the enzyme _                 _ and degraded by the enzyme _                  _
    
    2 . NO是一种气体信号分子,在体内主要由精氨酸产生, 它的半衰期很短, 故只作用于邻近细胞, 它作用的靶酶是                    。
    
    3.                junctions enable cells to get a hold on the extracellular matrix by connecting their actin filaments to the matrix.
    
    4  动物细胞质膜靠                 建立膜两侧的质子动力势，而植物细胞则是靠                 。
    
    5. 蛋白质合成时多聚核糖体的形成对生命活动的意义在于:                        。
    
    二、判断题
    
    1. Active transport is always driven by the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds.(     )
    
    2. Treatment of an animal cell with an inhibitor that is specific for the Na+/K+ pump is not likely to affect the uptake of glucose by sodium cotransport.(     )
    
    3. Tight junctions get their name from their property of holding cells togetherso tightly that they cannot be separated by mechanical forces.（      ）
    
    4. Gap junctions connect the cytoskeletal elements of one cell to a neighboring cell or to the extracellular matrix.（      ）
    
    5. NO acts only locally because it has a short half-life--about 5 to 10 seconds--in the extracellular space before it is converted to nitrates and nitrites by oxygen and water.(     )
    
    三、选择题
    
    1.  Which one of the following was used to determine the structure of the DNA molecule?(      )
    
    a. Transmission electron microscope    b. Scanning electron microscope
    
    c. Differential centrifugatioin         d. X-ray crystallography
    
    e. None of the above
    
    2.  You stain membrane proteins with a fluorescent-labeled antibody and notice the membrane is evenly stained. After a few hours, all of the fluorescence is at one end of a cell. You can conclude that(     ).
    
    a. Lipids flip-flop in the membrane.   b. Proteins move laterally in the membrane.
    
    c. The fluorescent dye was bleached.  d. Proteins act as transporters.
    
    e. All of the above
    
    3.  You have a preparation of ghosts and need to collect only the right-side out ghosts. You decide you can trap the right-side out ghosts in an affinity column packed with(     )
    
    a. SDS.                        b. A carbohydrate-binding molecule.
    
    c. A protein-binding antibody.      d. A serine-binding molecule.
    
    e. None of the above
    
    4.  All of the following individuals contributed to cell theory except(      )
    
    a.  Robert Hooke.            b. Matthias Schleiden.
    
    c.  Theodor Schwann.        d.  Rudolf Virchow.
    
    5.  The addition of a peptide with an RGD sequence would probably  ?  the binding of cultured cells to a fibronectin coated dish.(     )
    
    a.  enhance              b. inhibit
    
    c.  have no effect on      d.   none of the above
    
    四、简答题
    
    1. How does regulated secretion differ from constitutive secretion?
    
    2. Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. Consider an individual micro-tubule that is in its shrinking phase. What would happen if the solution contained an analogue of GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed?
    
    五、问答题
    
    1. 简述细胞膜结构的基本功能及对细胞生命活动的影响。
    
    2. 比较信号传导(cell signalling)与信号转导(signal transduction)的差别。 
    

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