1、 常用与开头的短语、句式
    
    (1)with the(rapidly)growing popularity of(computers/private cars)in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed.
    
    (2)With the(rapid)growth of(our economy/population)，many problems such as(water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management)are beginng to surface
    
    (3)With the development of(science and technology/market economy)，more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that…
    
    (4)Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures)。
    
    (5)Nowadays ，a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China .some people believe that…，whereas others argue that…
    
    (6)There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers)。To begin with，…Next，…Last，…There are，on the oher hand，many reasons against it，First，…Second，…Finally，…
    
    (7)There are many advantanges and disadvantages in(owning a car)。
    
    (8)There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
    
    (9)Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that…The second reason is that…/On the one hand ，…On the other hand，…
    
    (10)The possible solutions of (the enery crisis/water shortanges/these social problems)depend on three factors…
    
    (11)The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products )are…
    
    2.常用于结尾的短语、句式
    
    (1)It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to……
    
    (2)To conclude，we can see that(the best way/the possible solution)is……
    
    (3)In short，(shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution)are the major problems to be solved to(increase rain production)。
    
    (4)In order to make our world a better palce in which to live we should make great efforts to……
    
    (5)In a word，there are three suggestions we must follow，only in this way can we(achieve a great success)。
    
    (6)It is time for us to take an actie part in……
    
    (7)Let us work hand in hand in hand to(solve these social problems)
    
    3.陈述或论证观点、看法(view，point，opinion)、原因(reason、cause)、方法、手段、措施、步骤……(method，means，measures，step……)、因素(factor)、利弊、优缺点(advantage，disadvantage)时常用的词语、句式：
    
    (1)引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语：
    
    ……的原因有许多。There are many reasons why……
    
    ……的原因如下;The reasons why……are as follows
    
    我的看法是……My opinon is that
    
    (2)展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语：
    
    ①、第一层次(首先)First，Firstly，In the first place，First of all，To begin with，For one thing.
    
    我的第一理由是……My first reason is that……
    
    主要因素是……The main factor is that……
    
    ②第二层次(其次)Second，Secondly，In the Second plce，Next，Then，For another，
    
    另一种方法是……Another means of……is to do……
    
    第二种解决方法是……the second solution is that……
    
    ③第三层次(第三点)Third，athirdly，besides，in adition，furthermore，what is more important
    
    (3)总结性段落常用句式、词语：
    
    最后一点last，lastly，finally，in the last place，last of all，in short，in brief
    
    简言之in a word，in summary，tosum up
    
    总之，in conclusion，on the whole，altogether，in all
    
    因此，so，thus，hence，therefor.Consequently，for thee reasons
    
    结果，in consequence，as a result
    
    由此可见……it will be seen from it that
    
    如上所述，我们可以得出结论……as has been said above，we can conclude/make a conclusion/draw a conclusion/reach a conclusion come to aconclusion that……
    
    (4)将事物的正反、好坏两方面，或者将两种不同事物进行比较，对比时常用的句式、短语：
    
    然而while，whereas，but，however，nevertheless
    
    尽管如此in spite of that，despite all this
    
    但在另一方面but on the other hand
    
    与……相比in/by in comparison with……/as compare with……
    
    对比之下by/in contrast
    
    与……相反as opposed to……/instead of……
    
    相反on the contrary，instead
    
    他们的区别如下The differences sre as follows;the differences can be described as follows
    
    A与B之间的不同在于……the differences between A and B is /lies in/exests in/consists in……;A is different from B in……