六、面对人生与社会：乐观与豁达
    

    乐观与豁达思路点拨
    
    图画中的一只小绵羊，正呆在一块大石头的阴影下面。但是它乐观、豁达地认为，有阴影，那么就说明有阳光。这幅图无疑向我们传达了一种健康的人生哲学：乐观生活、达观处世。由于这是一篇人生哲理类文章，所以文章安排可以相对自由一些：
    
    第一段：描述图画；第二段：利用正反举例论证悲观与乐观的差距+总结句；第三段：倡导一种乐观生活、达观处世的人生态度和人生哲学。思维拓展
    
    本文也可以从世界观、人生观的角度入手。
    
    相反，如果是一幅表明悲观厌世的图片，我们也可以采取同样的手法进行处理。
    
    高分范文
    
    As is apparently revealed in the cartoon above, the sheep lives happily in an optimistic state of mind, ignoring the threat of a dark shade, because he believes that where there is shadow, there is sunshine①. What is conveyed in the picture is both positive and illuminating。
    
    As far as the purpose of the drawer is concerned, I think he intends to remind us of the importance of optimism. If the sheep in the cartoon feels anxious and pessimistic about the dark shade all day long, he can by no means have a comfortable and happy life. Examples like this are numerous, but I think the following one will be convincing enough. If there is half a cup of water, the pessimist may cry over it because they have only a half, while②  the optimist may cheer for it because they still have a half. Obviously, they will have different perceptions and feelings③  toward the same life。
    
    There is no denying that, most optimists have a high happiness index, which can hardly be experienced by pessimists. Therefore, we must read our life with a positive attitude. What’s more, the optimistic attitude can infect others strongly, meaning that we will find that all the friends around us are optimistic if we observe them in the same perspective. As a result, an atmosphere of optimism and happiness could be naturally set up. Therefore, let’s keep the famous line of Shelley, the well-known poet, in mind for ever, that is, “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”④
    
    佳作妙译
    
    上面的漫画清楚地表现出这只山羊不顾阴影的威胁仍然保持乐观，因为它相信有阴影的地方就一定有阳光。图片中反映的问题是积极的和富有启发性的。
    
    我认为作者要表达的意义是要提醒我们保持乐观心态的重要性。如果漫画中的山羊终日悲观地生活在阴影中，它将永远无法获得舒适和幸福的生活。类似的例子千千万，但是我认为下面的例子就足够有说服力。如果这里有半杯水，悲观的人会抱怨只剩下半杯了，而乐观的人在庆幸还有半杯可以喝。显然，面对同样的生活，他们会有不同的感受。
    
    毫无疑问，乐观者拥有更高的幸福指数，而悲观者永远也体会不到。因此我们必须以积极的态度面对生活。而且乐观的情绪能强烈地感染他人，这就意味着如果我们以乐观的视角面对周围的朋友们，他们也会同样地乐观。于是，乐观和幸福的气氛自然而然地就建立起来了。因此，让我们把著名诗人雪莱的名句铭记在心吧：冬天来了，春天还会远么？
    
    名师点评
    
    ① where there is shadow, there is sunshine: 这句话读起来是不是很熟悉？
    
    没错，它正是仿写了我们非常熟悉的谚语“Where there is a will, there is a way”：有志者，事竟成。
    
    作者将这句话仿写得惟妙惟肖，可见作者对语言驾驭是何等的娴熟。
    
    ② while: 表示两种现象的对比、反差，常翻译成“而”。
    
    ③ perceptions and feelings: 近义词叠加。
    
    近义词叠加也是一种向阅卷老师展示自己语言能力和词汇量的一种极为有效的手段。
    
    翻译：只翻译出一种意思即可。即，这两个词合译为：感受。
    
    ④ Therefore, let’s keep the famous line of shelley, the well-known poet, in mind for ever, that is, “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”
    
    全文的点睛之笔，堪称经典。
    
    首先：keep sth. in mind 这个词组用得很地道。
    
    其次：引用了雪莱的诗歌，表现出了深厚的文化底蕴。
    
    第三：the famous line=“If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”即后者为前者的同位语。
    
    同位语的介入，使句子结构错落有致，层次分明，朗朗上口。
    
    第四：著名诗句“If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”淋漓尽致地诠释了乐观的生活态度。
    
    实际上，历年真题的阅读中又何曾没有出现过这种模仿呢？广大考生可以去查阅2007年text 3中的最后一句：The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind。
    
    ⑤ 非常重要： 本题题目要求最后一段也可能会变成：
    
    support your view with an example/examples。
    
    这时候，我们可以把文章的结尾改写为：
    
    Examples of optimistic attitude toward life can easily be found anywhere in our world. How would have Zhang Haidi, suffering from the high paraplegia, made such glowing achievements in life, without her strong mind and optimistic attitude? Facing the serious diseases and hardships in life, she did not choose to hold back. Instead, she has been courageous and optimistic enough to defeat them. She has set an excellent example for us。
    
    七、商业行贿
    

    商业行贿构思点拨
    
    上图表现的是在“尚方宝剑”严惩的威严下，一位从事商业贿赂的人落荒而逃。不言而喻，这幅图反映的是当今一种比较猖獗的社会现象：商业贿赂。深层次来讲，就是道德问题、责任问题。本文的内容和结构安排如下：
    
    第一段：描述图画；第二段：从两个角度分析影响+分析动机；第三段：建议措施。
    
    思维拓展
    

    此类文章可以展开的角度有：金钱观，商业道德建设、职业道德建设，公平竞争。相似的图片比比皆是。请参考下图：
    
    参考图片高分范文
    
    There is no doubt that this cartoon vividly depicts a negative but rampant scenario in modern society: commercial bribery. Frightened by the sharp punishment sword, the man, carrying a large pile of money used as bribery①, is trying his best to escape. What is conveyed by the drawing is both realistic and thought-provoking。
    
    The implication of the given picture can be elaborated in terms of the decline of work-moral values and the view on money. For one thing, commercial bribery has a very damaging and destructive②  effect on the whole society. Firstly, moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakness revealed in the action of bribery③  may stain and pollute the atmosphere of professional ethics and cause others to copy. Secondly, fair competition may be threatened because bribery puts honest businessmen at a disadvantaged position. For another, the bad behavior of commercial bribery is largely driven by “profit”， showing that those people who are involved in bribery do not have a right view on money. It is true that money is indispensable④, but, there is no denying that money should be obtained and spent in a reasonable, wise and legitimate way。
    
    To eliminate the immoral behavior of bribery thoroughly⑤, drastic actions should be taken and severe punishment measures should be adopted. Besides, a positive mental guidance on the right attitude to money should be popularized among the public. Only in this way can we have a fair and sound social environment。
    
    佳作妙译
    
    毫无疑问这幅漫画生动地描述了现代社会一种负面的但是却十分猖獗的现象：商业贿赂。由于惧怕严厉的惩罚，这个人背着一大堆贿赂用的钱落荒而逃。漫画的寓意是十分现实并发人深思的。
    
    上图的寓意可以理解为详细阐述了在金钱冲击下职业道德的沦陷。一方面，商业贿赂对全社会造成恶劣的、毁灭性的影响。首先在贿赂行为中表现出的道德缺陷和人性弱点会破坏和污染职业道德的氛围，不良分子也会效仿。其次，行贿者将破坏公平竞争，诚信经营的商人被置于不利地位。另一方面，商业贿赂行为大多是被利益驱动的，这说明这些人对金钱没有正确的态度。没有金钱的确是万万不能的，但对待金钱，无疑需要取之有道，用之有度。
    
    为了彻底根除贿赂这种道德败坏的行为，应该采取严厉的惩罚措施。另外，应该在公众中逐渐普及正确的金钱观。只有这样，我们才能拥有公平、健全的社会环境。
    
    名师点评
    
    ① money used as bribery: 过去分词作定语=定语从句。
    
    写过去分词做定语的步骤：
    
    第一步：写成定语从句：money which is used as bribery；
    
    第二步：省略引导词“which”和be动词“is”变成money used as bribery。
    
    这样，一个定语从句就变成了过去分词做定语。
    
    ② damaging and destructive: 近义词叠用，押韵：头韵
    
    ③ revealed in the action of bribery: 过去分词作定语，修饰前面的moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakness，写法参考本文点评第① 条。
    
    ④ It is true that money is indispensable: It作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。
    
    ⑤ To eliminate the immoral behavior of…: 为了……。作目的状语。

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