考研翻译第一讲：定语、状语从句的理解
2010年04月20日
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考研翻译部分总分为10分，这10分在考研各个题型中分数是比较好拿的，希望通过我的讲解大家能够至少拿到7分，争取拿到8分到9分！
考研翻译每题2分，一共10分，评分标准如下：
如果句子译文完全扭曲原文意思，即使有些词语翻译正确，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。
如果某考生给出两种或两种以上译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，按错误译法扣分。
汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，酌情扣分。
今天的讲解先从2007年考研翻译题开始，原文如下：
2007年试题
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served as much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
重点词汇：
phase / feiz / n. 1 阶段、 状态 2 相，相位 v. 定相
[例] pass through three phases 经历三个阶段
[同义] aspect, stage, state
flexible / 5fleksEbl / adj. 柔韧性，易曲的，灵活的，柔软的，能变形的，可通融的
[例] We can visit your company on Monday or Tuesday; our plans are fairly flexible.
“我们可以在星期一或星期二到你们公司来，我们的计划是相当灵活的。”
[同义]variable, adjustable
[反义] inflexible / in5fleksEbl / / adj. 不屈的, 不屈挠的, 顽固的
[派生] flexibility / 7fleksE5biliti / n. 弹性，适应性，机动性，挠性
demonstrate / 5demEnstreit / vt. 1 示范 2 证明, 论证 vi. 示威
[例] He demonstrated how to use the new machine.
他演示怎样使用这台新机器。
[同义] clarify, display, illustrate ,show
[派生] demonstration / 7demEns5treiFEn / n. 示范，实证
survive/ sE5vaiv / v. 幸免于, 幸存, 生还
[例] Few survived after the flood. 洪水过后，生还者极少。
[同义] continue, outlast, outlive, remain
[派生] survival / sE5vaivEl / n. 1 生存，幸存，残存；2 幸存者，残存物
underline/ 7QndE5lain / vt. 1 在...下面划线 2 作...的衬里 3 强调 n. 下划线
[例] Words with single underline are to be set in italics.
字下面有一条底线的字排斜体。
[派生] underling / 5QndEliN / n. 部下，下僚，下属，走卒
fabric/ 5fAbrik / n. 1 织品， 织物，布；2 结构，建筑物，构造
[例] She bought some fabric to make shirts from.
她买了做衬衫的布。
[同义] cloth ,goods, material, textile
[派生] fabricable / `fAbrIkEbl / adj. 能加工成形的
entail/ in5teil / vt. 1 使必需；使蒙受，使承担； 2 遗传给， n. [建]限定继承权
[例] Writing a history book entails a lot of work.
写一本历史书需要下很大功夫。
[同义]require, demand ,call for
[派生] entailment / in5teilmEnt / n. [律](不动产)继承人之限制
[固定搭配] entail ... on sb. 使某人负担...；把...遗留给某人；entail ... upon sb.
使某人负担...；把...遗留给某人
handle / 5hAndl / n. 1 柄，把手，把柄；2 口实；3手感；vt. 1 触摸；2 运用；3买卖；4 处理，操作。 vi. 1搬运；2 易于操纵，n. [计]句柄
[例] She handled a difficult argument skillfully.
她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。
[同义] carry on, deal in, direct, feel, finger, govern, manage ,manipulate, regulate
[派生] handler / 5hAndlE / n. 处理者，管理者，训练者,（尤指拳击）教练（或助手），（犬马等的）训练者
scale/ skeil / n. 1刻度，衡量；2比例，数值范围，比例；3天平，等级。vt. 依比例决定，攀登，测量。vi. 1剥落；2生水垢；3 攀登；4衡量.
[例] This ruler has one scale in centimeters and another in inches.
这把尺子上有厘米和英寸二种刻度。
[同义]degree, graduation, proportion , ratio, layer, plate
翻译题解：
（本题的重点在于对定语从句和状语从句的理解，定语从句可处理为：“，+先行词”。状语从句可处理为：状语前置）
46．Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served as much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.
句子分段：
Television is one of the means || by which these feelings are created and conveyed- || and perhaps never before has it served as much to connect different peoples and nations || as is the recent events in Europe.
句子结构：前半句：简单句+定语从句修饰means，后半句：倒装句+as引导的状语从句。
词的处理：means 手段；create 引发；convey 传递；serve 作用
视译处理：
电视是一种手段，通过这种手段这些感情被引发和传递---在欧洲最近发生的一些事件中，电视的作用是把不同的民族和国家联系在一起，作用比以前任何时候都大。
精细处理：电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。
那么有同学愿意做一下弟47题吗？请按照我上面分析的方法自己试一试！
(47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.
考研翻译每题2分，一共10分，评分标准如下：
如果句子译文完全扭曲原文意思，即使有些词语翻译正确，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。
如果某考生给出两种或两种以上译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，按错误译法扣分。
汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，酌情扣分。
今天的讲解先从2007年考研翻译题开始，原文如下：
2007年试题
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served as much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
重点词汇：
phase / feiz / n. 1 阶段、 状态 2 相，相位 v. 定相
[例] pass through three phases 经历三个阶段
[同义] aspect, stage, state
flexible / 5fleksEbl / adj. 柔韧性，易曲的，灵活的，柔软的，能变形的，可通融的
[例] We can visit your company on Monday or Tuesday; our plans are fairly flexible.
“我们可以在星期一或星期二到你们公司来，我们的计划是相当灵活的。”
[同义]variable, adjustable
[反义] inflexible / in5fleksEbl / / adj. 不屈的, 不屈挠的, 顽固的
[派生] flexibility / 7fleksE5biliti / n. 弹性，适应性，机动性，挠性
demonstrate / 5demEnstreit / vt. 1 示范 2 证明, 论证 vi. 示威
[例] He demonstrated how to use the new machine.
他演示怎样使用这台新机器。
[同义] clarify, display, illustrate ,show
[派生] demonstration / 7demEns5treiFEn / n. 示范，实证
survive/ sE5vaiv / v. 幸免于, 幸存, 生还
[例] Few survived after the flood. 洪水过后，生还者极少。
[同义] continue, outlast, outlive, remain
[派生] survival / sE5vaivEl / n. 1 生存，幸存，残存；2 幸存者，残存物
underline/ 7QndE5lain / vt. 1 在...下面划线 2 作...的衬里 3 强调 n. 下划线
[例] Words with single underline are to be set in italics.
字下面有一条底线的字排斜体。
[派生] underling / 5QndEliN / n. 部下，下僚，下属，走卒
fabric/ 5fAbrik / n. 1 织品， 织物，布；2 结构，建筑物，构造
[例] She bought some fabric to make shirts from.
她买了做衬衫的布。
[同义] cloth ,goods, material, textile
[派生] fabricable / `fAbrIkEbl / adj. 能加工成形的
entail/ in5teil / vt. 1 使必需；使蒙受，使承担； 2 遗传给， n. [建]限定继承权
[例] Writing a history book entails a lot of work.
写一本历史书需要下很大功夫。
[同义]require, demand ,call for
[派生] entailment / in5teilmEnt / n. [律](不动产)继承人之限制
[固定搭配] entail ... on sb. 使某人负担...；把...遗留给某人；entail ... upon sb.
使某人负担...；把...遗留给某人
handle / 5hAndl / n. 1 柄，把手，把柄；2 口实；3手感；vt. 1 触摸；2 运用；3买卖；4 处理，操作。 vi. 1搬运；2 易于操纵，n. [计]句柄
[例] She handled a difficult argument skillfully.
她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。
[同义] carry on, deal in, direct, feel, finger, govern, manage ,manipulate, regulate
[派生] handler / 5hAndlE / n. 处理者，管理者，训练者,（尤指拳击）教练（或助手），（犬马等的）训练者
scale/ skeil / n. 1刻度，衡量；2比例，数值范围，比例；3天平，等级。vt. 依比例决定，攀登，测量。vi. 1剥落；2生水垢；3 攀登；4衡量.
[例] This ruler has one scale in centimeters and another in inches.
这把尺子上有厘米和英寸二种刻度。
[同义]degree, graduation, proportion , ratio, layer, plate
翻译题解：
（本题的重点在于对定语从句和状语从句的理解，定语从句可处理为：“，+先行词”。状语从句可处理为：状语前置）
46．Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served as much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.
句子分段：
Television is one of the means || by which these feelings are created and conveyed- || and perhaps never before has it served as much to connect different peoples and nations || as is the recent events in Europe.
句子结构：前半句：简单句+定语从句修饰means，后半句：倒装句+as引导的状语从句。
词的处理：means 手段；create 引发；convey 传递；serve 作用
视译处理：
电视是一种手段，通过这种手段这些感情被引发和传递---在欧洲最近发生的一些事件中，电视的作用是把不同的民族和国家联系在一起，作用比以前任何时候都大。
精细处理：电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。
那么有同学愿意做一下弟47题吗？请按照我上面分析的方法自己试一试！
(47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.
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