2011年考研英语基础阶段常见疑难知识点精析
2010年04月13日
来源:万学海文
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准备考研英语是一个长期的、有规律的过程。按照常规,考研英语(论坛)学习时间分为四个阶段:基础阶段、强化阶段、提高阶段和冲刺阶段。每个阶段都需要达到既定的目标,步步为营,稳扎稳打,这样才能提高成绩,考上理想的学校。暑期前为考研英语基础阶段,在这个阶段大家应该达到如下目标:
单词:熟练掌握基础词汇,基本掌握核心词汇。背单词重在遵循记忆规律,循环记忆,
多重复几遍,从而彻底攻克考研词汇。
语法:熟练掌握考研英语常考的核心语法知识点。能够划清长难句句子结构,抓住句子
重心和主干,基本理解句意;还要学会使用一些写作常用句型。
阅读理解:进行一定量的精读,初步认识考研阅读理解题目的特点,注意对文中长难句
的分析和基础词的引申义的把握。读懂每篇文章,找到读懂文章的乐趣和方法,克服畏
难情绪;积累和理解各种背景知识;通过做题训练分析问题和逻辑推理的能力。
完形填空:通过完形填空巩固词汇和语法,同时熟悉英语文章上下文逻辑。
以上是对于基础阶段的宏观总结,下面我们对一些考研英语常见疑难知识点进行精析:
1、从句中缺主语或宾语的时候,且先行词前有the only, the very等修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导该定语从句。
Shanghai is the very place that the foreigners are eager to visit.
从句中缺状语时,从句应该用关系副词或者介词+关系代词来引导。
Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the parade.
I will show you the store in which you may buy all you need.
2、介词after与look构成的固定词组中,介词after不可前置,再如:look at, look for, take care of等。
The babies whom the nurses look after are very healthy.
3、动词不定式和动名词的区别
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语,在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作,动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
4、现在分词、过去分词、动名词、不定式作定语的区别
1)作前置定语的情况。现在分词、过去分词、动名词可以作前置定语,而不定式不能作前置定语。如:
① a developing country, a developed country; boiling water, boiled water
现在分词一般具有主动、进行的特点,而过去分词一般则具有被动、完成的特点。a developing country=a country which is developing (发展中国家 );boiled water=water which has been boiled;a developed country=a country which has developed(发达国家)。但有一种特殊情况,过去分词有时也表示主动、完成,如a developed country=a country which has developed,a sunken ship=a ship which has sunken。
② building materials, a swimming pool
动名词作定语时,表示所修饰名词的功能:building materials=materials that are used to build houses;a swimming pool=a pool that is used to swim
2)作后置定语的情况,不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作后置定语,不同的是:不定式作定语,表示动作正要进行(未发生);现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行(正在发生);过去分词作定语,表示动作已完成(已发生)。
5、现在分词完成时与现在分词的进行时
现在分词完成时having done,
Having lived in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.
现在分词的进行时being done
The editorial being written now will appear in tomorrow’s newspaper.
6、whatever和no matter what区别
whatever和 no matter what在句中引导让步状语从句时可以互换,如:
Whatever/ No matter what subject we talked about, it seemed that he was expert at it.
We will carry the reform to the end whatever/ no matter what happens.
二者的区别是:no matter what只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句(如主语从句,宾语从句);whatever既可以引导状语从句,又可以引导名词性从句。
Whatever words I use can’t express my appreciation of your timely help.
(whatever引导主语从句,因此不能用no matter what替换)
Some college students are seen doing whatever work they can find to support themselves.
(whatever引导宾语从句,不能用no matter what替换)
单词:熟练掌握基础词汇,基本掌握核心词汇。背单词重在遵循记忆规律,循环记忆,
多重复几遍,从而彻底攻克考研词汇。
语法:熟练掌握考研英语常考的核心语法知识点。能够划清长难句句子结构,抓住句子
重心和主干,基本理解句意;还要学会使用一些写作常用句型。
阅读理解:进行一定量的精读,初步认识考研阅读理解题目的特点,注意对文中长难句
的分析和基础词的引申义的把握。读懂每篇文章,找到读懂文章的乐趣和方法,克服畏
难情绪;积累和理解各种背景知识;通过做题训练分析问题和逻辑推理的能力。
完形填空:通过完形填空巩固词汇和语法,同时熟悉英语文章上下文逻辑。
以上是对于基础阶段的宏观总结,下面我们对一些考研英语常见疑难知识点进行精析:
1、从句中缺主语或宾语的时候,且先行词前有the only, the very等修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导该定语从句。
Shanghai is the very place that the foreigners are eager to visit.
从句中缺状语时,从句应该用关系副词或者介词+关系代词来引导。
Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the parade.
I will show you the store in which you may buy all you need.
2、介词after与look构成的固定词组中,介词after不可前置,再如:look at, look for, take care of等。
The babies whom the nurses look after are very healthy.
3、动词不定式和动名词的区别
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语,在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作,动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
4、现在分词、过去分词、动名词、不定式作定语的区别
1)作前置定语的情况。现在分词、过去分词、动名词可以作前置定语,而不定式不能作前置定语。如:
① a developing country, a developed country; boiling water, boiled water
现在分词一般具有主动、进行的特点,而过去分词一般则具有被动、完成的特点。a developing country=a country which is developing (发展中国家 );boiled water=water which has been boiled;a developed country=a country which has developed(发达国家)。但有一种特殊情况,过去分词有时也表示主动、完成,如a developed country=a country which has developed,a sunken ship=a ship which has sunken。
② building materials, a swimming pool
动名词作定语时,表示所修饰名词的功能:building materials=materials that are used to build houses;a swimming pool=a pool that is used to swim
2)作后置定语的情况,不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作后置定语,不同的是:不定式作定语,表示动作正要进行(未发生);现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行(正在发生);过去分词作定语,表示动作已完成(已发生)。
5、现在分词完成时与现在分词的进行时
现在分词完成时having done,
Having lived in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.
现在分词的进行时being done
The editorial being written now will appear in tomorrow’s newspaper.
6、whatever和no matter what区别
whatever和 no matter what在句中引导让步状语从句时可以互换,如:
Whatever/ No matter what subject we talked about, it seemed that he was expert at it.
We will carry the reform to the end whatever/ no matter what happens.
二者的区别是:no matter what只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句(如主语从句,宾语从句);whatever既可以引导状语从句,又可以引导名词性从句。
Whatever words I use can’t express my appreciation of your timely help.
(whatever引导主语从句,因此不能用no matter what替换)
Some college students are seen doing whatever work they can find to support themselves.
(whatever引导宾语从句,不能用no matter what替换)
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