一、考研翻译应试原则
    
    步骤一：标记句子主句主干及从句先行词
    
    1、主干判定原则：
    
    谓语动词的形式：___动词原形_______, ____第三人称______, ____过去时______
    
    补充说明：情态动词、过去分词、并列连词、倒装、省略
    
    注解：情态动词后为动词或助动词原形
    
    过去分词与过去时的区分在于主被动的判定
    
    并列连词可能会带有省略内容
    
    倒装句要关注never，only等标志词
    
    练习一：
    
    (2005/48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
    
    (2007/47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
    
    练习二：
    
    (2006/50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
    
    (2005/49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.
    
    先行词判定原则：
    
    先行词的形式：___that_______, ___which_______, ____who______, ____when______, ____as______
    
    先行词与主干关系：隔离从句，独立翻译
    
    补充说明：that可作为形容词、as可作为介词、which尤须判定指代内容
    
    练习：
    
    (2003/62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
    
    (2006/47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
    
    步骤二：标记句子从句主干
    
    Key Word：which
    
    可根据which后动词的单复数（如可判断）及含义判断which指代的内容，尤其当which指代逗号前句子时；which前若有介词则翻译时按照介词结构翻译。
    
    (1997/71) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
    
    (2004/61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
    
    Key Word：when
    
    如果when前面是表示时间的名词则when则是指该时间，翻译时应按定语从句翻译为“当时，届时，在那时”等；若无则翻译为“当…时，在…的时候”等。
    
    (1996/72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
    
    Key Word：while
    
    可根据while从句与主句内容判断while含义，若句意有转折或反义则while应翻译为“尽管，然而”等；不然则while应翻译为“当…时，与此同时”等。
    
    (2007/50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
    
    (2000/73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
    
    Key Word：the idea/fact/reason/charge that
    
    (2007/48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
    
    步骤三：根据标记依次翻译
    
    翻译原则：
    
    主干翻译：(1)______根据动词翻译句子______________(2)________根据句意调整句式____________(3) _______根据搭配修改词汇_____________
    
    修饰翻译：(1)_______修饰内容一般前置翻译_____________(2)_______过长或过复杂内容课独立翻译_____________(3) _______内容可根据含义调整位置_____________
    
    补充说明：译文不必过于追求润色