考研阅卷老师谈：小作文评分标准分析
2009年11月10日
来源：求学|跨考
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从2005年开始，研究生入学考试英语试题增加了A节应用文写作部分。其要求考生根据所给情景写出100字左右的应用性短文，总分10分，文体包括私人或公务信函、备忘录、便条、报告、摘要等。
一、评分标准
应用文写作要求考生能够根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域，合理组织文章，使内容连贯、统一，并做到语法正确，用词恰当。评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和语言的准确性，其具体评分标准为：
第五档（9～10）分：很好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效地使用多种衔接手法；格式与语域恰当贴切。
第四档（7～8）分：较好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一两个要点；使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言基本准确，允许有个别错误；采用了恰当的衔接手法，层次清晰；格式与语域较恰当。
第三档（5～6）分：虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；应用的语言和词汇结构能满足任务的要求；有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解；采用了简单的衔接手法，内容连惯；格式与语域基本合理。
第二档（3～4）分：未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。
第一档（1～2）分：未完成试题规定的任务。
根据上述的具体评分标准，可以看出小作文仍然采用总体评分法，先根据文章内容和语言确定所属档次，然后再具体给分。阅卷专家对各个档次做出了非常形象生动的总结：五档“漂漂亮亮”，四档“整整齐齐”，三档“马马虎虎”，二档“乱七八糟”，一档“一塌糊涂”。
除内容和语言外，字数与书写也会影响得分。字数不够的，一般酌情扣分，而多出的字数一般不加分。此外，如果作文中直接使用提示语中的原句，则字数不算在内，因此只能使用提示语中的某些关键词。如果书写太差，影响阅卷老师的理解，也会扣分。
二、真题及分析
考研小作文为应用文。从形式上，都要遵从一定的格式；从内容上，要点已经明确给出，只需根据提纲要求展开写，不用有太多的发挥；从语言上，语句要简洁，开门见山。
2005年小作文真题：
Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashion. But now you find that the job is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address.
从内容上来看，2005年真题为一封道歉信。信函的书写一般包括如下几个部分：
1．称呼：Dear (Sir or Madam/ Mr. Wang/ Jane)
2．主体
首段开门见山，点明主题：I am writing this letter to inform/tell you that I will be resigning from my present position in your department.
中间段把第一段内容具体化：It has been a great pleasure to work with you in the past two months.（先表示礼貌）But my current position as an editor doesn’t quite suit to my personal interests and career plan. As I majored in finance in college, I really want to work in the business field.
结尾段重申主题，表示感谢：I sincerely hope that you could accept my resignation and apology and thank you very much for all your help in the past months.
3．落款：Li Ming （切记根据要求落款为Li Ming，不要写自己的名字）
2006年小作文真题：
Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry your own plan.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address.
从2006年小作文来看，内容仍为信函，指示语的第二部分与2005年完全相同。因此在写作时只需遵循书信写作的基本格式，在主体部分涵盖要点即可。2006年的求助信要点如下：
1．求助理由（开门见山）：I am writing this letter to ask if you could help me find a child in your area as a beneficiary of Project Hope.
2．具体要求：I hope to offer help to a school-aged girl from a poor family, for I know that girls are often deprived of their rights of schooling due to poverty.
3．如何进行帮助：I will send 1,000 to the girl by mail every term once I can get specific information about her.
2007年小作文真题：
Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address.
2007年小作文仍旧是信函写作，从内容上看是一封建议信，写作思路与05、06年相同。
2008年小作文真题：
Directions: You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
1) make an apology, and
2) suggest a solution.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address.
2008小作文与2005年一样，写一封道歉信。因此写作格式与思路相同，只需把主体部分内容进行改变。2008年的道歉信主体部分主要涵盖两大要点：
1．道歉：I am awfully sorry that I forgot to return your music CD to you.
2．解释（为什么没有归还CD，理由有道理即可）：When I was packing, I confused your CD with mine and put it in my luggage. Then it was not until I arrived home and unpacked my belongings that I discovered your CD right in my suitcase.
3．提出解决方法：I will post you the CD tomorrow and again I sincerely hope that you could accept my apologies.
一、评分标准
应用文写作要求考生能够根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域，合理组织文章，使内容连贯、统一，并做到语法正确，用词恰当。评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和语言的准确性，其具体评分标准为：
第五档（9～10）分：很好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效地使用多种衔接手法；格式与语域恰当贴切。
第四档（7～8）分：较好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一两个要点；使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言基本准确，允许有个别错误；采用了恰当的衔接手法，层次清晰；格式与语域较恰当。
第三档（5～6）分：虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；应用的语言和词汇结构能满足任务的要求；有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解；采用了简单的衔接手法，内容连惯；格式与语域基本合理。
第二档（3～4）分：未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。
第一档（1～2）分：未完成试题规定的任务。
根据上述的具体评分标准，可以看出小作文仍然采用总体评分法，先根据文章内容和语言确定所属档次，然后再具体给分。阅卷专家对各个档次做出了非常形象生动的总结：五档“漂漂亮亮”，四档“整整齐齐”，三档“马马虎虎”，二档“乱七八糟”，一档“一塌糊涂”。
除内容和语言外，字数与书写也会影响得分。字数不够的，一般酌情扣分，而多出的字数一般不加分。此外，如果作文中直接使用提示语中的原句，则字数不算在内，因此只能使用提示语中的某些关键词。如果书写太差，影响阅卷老师的理解，也会扣分。
二、真题及分析
考研小作文为应用文。从形式上，都要遵从一定的格式；从内容上，要点已经明确给出，只需根据提纲要求展开写，不用有太多的发挥；从语言上，语句要简洁，开门见山。
2005年小作文真题：
Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashion. But now you find that the job is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address.
从内容上来看，2005年真题为一封道歉信。信函的书写一般包括如下几个部分：
1．称呼：Dear (Sir or Madam/ Mr. Wang/ Jane)
2．主体
首段开门见山，点明主题：I am writing this letter to inform/tell you that I will be resigning from my present position in your department.
中间段把第一段内容具体化：It has been a great pleasure to work with you in the past two months.（先表示礼貌）But my current position as an editor doesn’t quite suit to my personal interests and career plan. As I majored in finance in college, I really want to work in the business field.
结尾段重申主题，表示感谢：I sincerely hope that you could accept my resignation and apology and thank you very much for all your help in the past months.
3．落款：Li Ming （切记根据要求落款为Li Ming，不要写自己的名字）
2006年小作文真题：
Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry your own plan.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address.
从2006年小作文来看，内容仍为信函，指示语的第二部分与2005年完全相同。因此在写作时只需遵循书信写作的基本格式，在主体部分涵盖要点即可。2006年的求助信要点如下：
1．求助理由（开门见山）：I am writing this letter to ask if you could help me find a child in your area as a beneficiary of Project Hope.
2．具体要求：I hope to offer help to a school-aged girl from a poor family, for I know that girls are often deprived of their rights of schooling due to poverty.
3．如何进行帮助：I will send 1,000 to the girl by mail every term once I can get specific information about her.
2007年小作文真题：
Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address.
2007年小作文仍旧是信函写作，从内容上看是一封建议信，写作思路与05、06年相同。
2008年小作文真题：
Directions: You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
1) make an apology, and
2) suggest a solution.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address.
2008小作文与2005年一样，写一封道歉信。因此写作格式与思路相同，只需把主体部分内容进行改变。2008年的道歉信主体部分主要涵盖两大要点：
1．道歉：I am awfully sorry that I forgot to return your music CD to you.
2．解释（为什么没有归还CD，理由有道理即可）：When I was packing, I confused your CD with mine and put it in my luggage. Then it was not until I arrived home and unpacked my belongings that I discovered your CD right in my suitcase.
3．提出解决方法：I will post you the CD tomorrow and again I sincerely hope that you could accept my apologies.
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