六、听的行为
    
    A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that communication between them and their parents is__1__and further that one of the prime causes of this gap is __2__listening behavior. As a(an)__3__ in point，one parent believed that her daughter had a severe__4__problem. She was so __5__that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested. The audiologist carefully tested both ears and reported back to the parent：“There‘s nothing wrong with her hearing. She’s just __6__you out.”
    
    A leading cause of the __7__divorce rate(more than half of all marriages end in divorce)is the failure of husbands and wives to __8__effectively. They don‘t listen to each other. Neither person__9__to the actual message sent by the other.
    
    In __10__fashion，political scientists report that a growing number of people believe that their elected and __11__officials are out of__12__with the constituents they are supposedly __13__. Why?Because they don‘t believe that they listen to them. In fact，it seems that sometimes our politicians don’t even listen to themselves. The following is a true story：At a national__14__conference held in Albuquerque some years ago，then Senator Joseph Montoya was__15__a copy of a press release by a press aide shortly before he got up before the audience to__16__ a speech. When he rose to speak，__17__the horror of the press aide and the__18__of his audience，Montoya began reading the press release，not his speech. He began，“For immediate release. Senator Joseph M. Montoya，Democrat of New Mexico，last night told the National……”Montoya read the entire six-page release，__19__ with the statement that he“was repeatedly __20__by applause.”
    
    1.[A] scarce [B] little [C] rare [D] poor
    
    2.[A] malignant [B] deficient [C] ineffective [D] feeble
    
    3.[A] case [B] example [C] lesson [D] suggestion
    
    4.[A] audio [B] aural [C] hearing [D] listening
    
    5.[A] believing [B] convinced [C] assured [D] doubtless
    
    6.[A] turning [B] tuning [C] tucking [D] tugging
    
    7.[A] rising [B] arising [C] raising [D] arousing
    
    8.[A] exchange [B] interchange [C] encounter [D] interact
    
    9.[A] relates [B] refers [C] responds [D] resorts
    
    10.[A] like [B] alike [C] likely [D] likewise
    
    11.[A] nominated [B] selected [C] appointed [D] supported
    
    12.[A] connection [B] reach [C] association [D] touch
    
    13.[A] leading [B] representing [C]delegating [D] supporting
    
    14.[A] legislative [B] legitimate [C] legalized [D] liberal
    
    15.[A] distributed [B] awarded [C] handed [D] submitted
    
    16.[A] present [B] publish [C] deliver [D] pursue
    
    17.[A] to [B] with [C] for [D] on
    
    18.[A] joy [B] enjoyment [C] amusement [D] delight
    
    19.[A] conclude [B] to conclude [C] concluding [D] concluded
    
    20.[A] disrupted [B] interfered [C] interrupted [D] stopped
    
    答案
    
    1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A
    
    11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.C
    
    总体分析
    
    本文主要讨论了听行为对人际交流的影响。文章第一段从父母和子女之间的交流出发，说明儿女不听父母的话造成了他们之间的隔阂。第二段从婚姻的角度出发，说明夫妻双方的互不理睬造成交流不畅，从而使离婚率上升。第三段从政治的角度出发，说明政府官员不聆听选民甚至不在意自己所说的话，造成官民隔阂。例证法是本文采用的主要的论证方法。
    
    全文翻译
    
    最近的一项民意测验显示：美国一半的青少年认为他们与父母的交流不好，而且造成这种隔阂的一个首要原因是有不理想的倾听行为。一个典型的例子是，一位母亲认为她女儿有严重的听力问题。她对此确信无疑，于是就带着女儿去听觉病矫治专家那儿检查她的耳朵。专家仔细检查了两只耳朵，然后告诉这位母亲说：“她的听力没问题，只是不理睬你而已。”
    
    离婚率上升(一半以上的婚姻以离婚告终)的一个首要原因是夫妻间不能有效地交流。他们彼此充耳不闻。两人对对方发出的确切信息都毫无反应。
    
    同样地，据政治科学家报道，越来越多的人相信他们选举指派的官员与其本应代表的选民失去了联系。为什么呢?因为这些人认为他们不需要倾听选民的意见。实际上，有时我们的政治家们似乎连自己的声音都不听。下面是一个真实的例子：在几年前亚柏克尔克举行的全国立法会议上，一位新闻助理在当时的参议员约瑟夫。蒙图亚演讲前交给了他一份新闻稿。令该新闻助理大吃一惊而使听众感到有趣的是，当蒙图亚起来讲话时，他读的不是演讲稿而是那份新闻稿。蒙图亚先生以“即时新闻稿。新墨西哥州的民主党参议员约瑟夫。蒙图亚昨晚在全国……上说……”开始，读完了全部的六页新闻稿，并以他“不时被掌声打断”结尾。
    
    七、日本铁路车站的经济计划
    
    There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd，one of the six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest.
    
    In a plan called“Station Renaissance”that it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for such goods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet. In a country where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company __10__. So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans to create__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.
    
    The company also plans to introduce __14__cards—known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.
    
    1.[A] perspectives [B] outlooks [C] prospects [D] spectacles
    
    2.[A] creatively [B] originally [C] authentically [D] initially
    
    3.[A] displayed [B] demonstrated [C] embarked [D] unveiled
    
    4.[A] go beyond [B] set out [C] come around [D] spread over
    
    5.[A] applications [B] enterprises [C] functions [D]performances
    
    6.[A] districts [B] vicinities [C] resorts [D] locations
    
    7.[A] acquired [B] purchased [C] presided [D] attained
    
    8.[A] lodgers [B] tenants [C] dwellers [D] boarders
    
    9.[A] for [B] in [C] of [D] as
    
    10.[A] figures [B] exhibits [C] convinces [D] speculates
    
    11.[A] deprives [B] retrieves [C] spares [D] exempts
    
    12.[A] conjunction [B] convenience [C] department [D] ornament
    
    13.[A] delegated [B] designated [C] devoted [D] dedicated
    
    14.[A] clever [B] smart [C] ingenious [D] intelligent
    
    15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] accommodating
    
    16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of
    
    17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
    
    18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only
    
    19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners
    
    20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink
    
    答案
    
    1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
    
    11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
    
    总体分析
    
    本文介绍了东日本铁路公司引人关注的新计划。文章第一段介绍说东日本铁路公司创造性地利用车站内部及周围房地产的计划正引起越来越多人的关注。第二段具体介绍了这一计划的内容及好处，即适应信息时代的要求，把车站作为网上购物的物品收取地，这样既为消费者提供了方便，又提高了递送物品的安全性。第三段介绍了该公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各种磁卡作车票的计划及其优点。
    
    全文翻译
    
    通过国家铁路系统的私有化创建起来的六大公司之一的东日本铁路有限公司，正吸引着越来越多人的目光。在一个发展前景不振的行业，它创造性地利用车站内部及周围的房地产的计划正引起人们的关注。
    
    东日本铁路在11月份公布的“车站复兴”计划中说：它将不仅把它的商业空地用于开商店和餐馆，而且还要把这些商业空地用于更加适应信息时代的功能上去。它打算把车站作为网上所购物品如书籍、花卉和日用百货等的收取地。该公司估算，在一个都市人严重依赖列车作为上下班交通工具的国度里，每天大约有1600万人因各种原因来到它的车站。因此，在车站收取物品使消费者节省了路途而且也不像往家里递送那样容易丢失。东日本铁路已经开始把车站的便利店用于这一目的，但它打算为网上货物的递送创立专门的空间。
    
    该公司还打算引入智能卡(在日本称为IC卡，因为它们利用集成电路储存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作为车票和定期券，把各种不同的票券合为一体。这将为公司节省资金，因为IC卡的读卡机比磁系统要便宜的多。IC卡使用的增加还将会减少售票所占用的空间。
    
    八、老龄化
    
    Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but__2__retirement could help.
    
    Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially__3__one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are__9__to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for.
    
    Action is needed，__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down，then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.
    
    1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue
    
    2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering
    
    3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive
    
    4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial
    
    5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding
    
    6.[A] outlook [B] outcome [C] outbreak [D] outset
    
    7.[A] prolonging [B] expanding [C] soaring [D] rising
    
    8.[A] in [B] on [C] by [D] for
    
    9.[A] conceived [B] reckoned [C] expected [D] meant
    
    10.[A] As [B] Such [C] So [D] It
    
    11.[A] should pay [B] paying [C] be paid [D] would pay
    
    12.[A] but [B] for [C] and [D] thus
    
    13.[A] multitude [B] implementation [C] application [D] generosity
    
    14.[A] exaggerate [B] augment [C] magnify [D] multiply
    
    15.[A] insufficient [B] influential [C] inefficient [D] intrinsic
    
    16.[A] advancing [B] previous [C] ahead [D] preceding
    
    17.[A] suspensions [B] abundances [C] redundancies [D] discrepancies
    
    18.[A] for [B] to [C] about [D] at
    
    19.[A] turbulent [B] strenuous [C] compact [D] intricate
    
    20.[A] dependency [B] fertility [C] present [D] mortality
    
    答案
    
    1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B
    
    11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
    
    总体分析
    
    本文主要讨论了老龄化给经合组织国家现存养老体系带来的挑战。文章第一段指出老龄化给经合组织国家带来的挑战，并提出推迟退休可能对解决该问题有所帮助。第二段分析了早退休给养老体系带来的问题，即越来越多的人早退休而寿命延长，随着出生率的降低，就会有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人来为他们养老，养老金在国家财政中所占的比例增加，成为无法承受的负担。第三段探讨了解决方法，指出仅仅减少公共养老金的数量，增加私有养老的比例是不够的，许多政府在考虑说服人们晚退休。
    
    全文翻译
    
    老龄化给经合组织国家，尤其是在如何支付未来的公共养老金负债方面，带来了严重的挑战。早退休给退休金的融资带来了难以承受的负担。没有什么简单的解决方案，但推迟退休(年龄)可能有所帮助。
    
    早退休可能看起来是个值得追求的个人目标，但对于社会来说却是昂贵的，它使当前的公共养老金系统难以持久。基本原因是更多的人退休早而寿命却更长。这意味着更多的退休人员要依赖在职者的资助作为收入。这一前景是令人担忧的。未来50年，经合组织国家的低出生率和预期寿命的增加将使这一老年依赖率提高大约一倍。占经合组织国家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在国内生产总值中的比例预期将平均增加超过三个百分点，而在有些国家甚至会增加八个百分点。养老基金的压力如此之大以至于现在的工人有得不到他们预期或认为应该得到的养老金的危险。
    
    行动是必需的，但仅仅试图减少公共养老金的慷慨度或增加系统内私有养老金的作用，尽管是必要的，但在应对这种依赖挑战方面仍是不够的。前些年为了避免下岗及高失业，政府采取提前早退休的方案，而现在许多政府正考虑劝说人们晚点退休。当然，他们是这么想的，如果现在我们更加健康了、工作对体力的要求降低了、失业率也降低了，那么(工作)出席率可能也该重新上升了。

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